Volleyball techniques that make the difference: a breakdown of tactics

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The decisive ball is about to be served. Tension is in the air, every player is holding their breath and it seems as if time has slowed down. How can you win at this moment? Tactical techniques in volleyball help teams to keep a cool head and play their game. In this article, we present the most important tactics used by both professionals and amateurs to be successful.

The variety of volleyball techniques: everything you need to win tactically

Volleyball techniques are an athlete’s ability to adapt effectively to the situation on the court. The basic techniques include passing, serving and blocking. When passing, a player must know the speed and angle at which the ball must travel in order to reach the partner without the opponent being able to anticipate the next move. A good pass is the basis for a successful attack. Therefore, it is not only important to choose the right spot for the ball, but also to consider the trajectory of the ball. A serve that is too high will give the defender time to react, while a serve that is too low will send the ball into the net.

The serve is another key element that can be used to change the pace of the game. The classic serve allows you to focus on power, while the jump serve creates difficult angles that are hard to receive. It is important to find a balance between power and precision. This is the art – the ball must have optimal speed and spin to make it difficult for the opponent to reach.

Offensive tactics in volleyball

For a successful attack, a team must not only attack, but also keep the opponent constantly on their toes and create a threat from different angles. One of the most important factors in attacking is the technique of the attacking shot. The athlete must not simply strike, but do so with precision and create unexpected directions for the ball to fly. The angle of attack, the speed of the shot and the trajectory of the shot determine whether the defender can react in time.

Example: When a striker fires a powerful shot along the line, it forces the opponent to react immediately, which often leads to mistakes. An attack requires not only physical strength, but also good team coordination. Athletes need to be aware of how their position affects the overall dynamic and that every shot can be decisive.

Tactical plans in volleyball: How to recognise and exploit your opponent’s weaknesses

Tactics in volleyball are the foundation of team play. Every successful strategy begins with a detailed study of the opponent and an understanding of their weaknesses. One of the most popular schemes is the 6-2 system, in which six attackers and two left-sided players provide flexibility between attack and defence. This system allows the team to constantly switch from defence to attack, which is particularly important against stronger opponents. With a 6-2 system, a team can alternate between aggressive attacks and immediate blocking, putting the opponent under constant pressure.

Building a block wall: the game-changing defence

When several athletes join forces to block the opponent’s attack, they form an insurmountable barrier. The block wall technique requires synchronised jumping, correct weight distribution and precise timing of the jump. Players should stand on slightly bent legs in order to push off immediately and build up a defence. It is not only important to block the ball, but also to direct it so that it stays in play and can be dealt with by teammates.

A blocking wall becomes a real problem for the attacker if the defence anticipates the direction of his shot correctly. The right block is not only physical strength, but also the ability to read the opponent’s actions.

Defence as a tactic in volleyball: how to put the opponent under pressure

When the ball is coming at an athlete at 100 kilometres per hour, it requires a high level of concentration and training not only to fend it off, but also to keep it under control. In defence, it is important to keep your feet moving and be ready to change direction at any time. Agility and flexibility are key characteristics of a defender.

Receiving the ball can be broken down into several steps:

Posture: You must position your body correctly in relation to the flying ball. The legs are slightly bent and the body is tilted forwards so that you can move quickly in the right direction.
Placement of the hands: The hands should be stacked correctly, palms together, thumbs facing the ball to create a solid base for the shot. This helps to cushion the impact and put the ball in the right place.
Ball control: When hitting a shot, you should soften the force of the shot by bending your elbows slightly. This will reduce the bounce and help you maintain control of the ball.
Movement: After a shot, move quickly into a new position to be ready for the next action. It is important to take short and quick steps in order to stay in constant motion.

It is also important to know the basic principles that will help the defender fulfil his tasks effectively:

Reading the game: The ability to anticipate where the ball is going to go plays a big role. Players must analyse the opponent’s movements and correctly assess the trajectory of the ball.
Communication: The team must communicate on the pitch to avoid collisions and overlaps. Everyone must be clear about their area of responsibility.
Division of responsibility: The athletes should divide the zones so that they cover as much space as possible. It is important to avoid situations where two players run to the same ball.
Low centre of gravity: The defender should keep his centre of gravity low so that he can change direction more quickly and react to unpredictable shots.

Volleyball tactics and ball handling in defence require constant practice and understanding of the opponent’s positioning. Volleyball players must be able to work as a unit, help each other and share responsibilities.

Volleyball serves and their strategic importance

Each type of serve in volleyball has its own place in the tactical scheme of team techniques: the straight serve, the spun serve and the jump serve. The straight serve is more often used to control the game, while the spun serve makes life difficult for the opponent by forcing the ball to change direction in the air. It is important to realise that every serve must be executed with a specific goal in mind – either to cause problems for the receiver or to steer the game in the right direction.

The essence of winning lies in the details and constant practice

Winning on the court requires not only physical fitness and technique, but also good tactics. Basic tactics in volleyball allow teams to achieve their goals by capitalising on every opportunity on the court. It is important to constantly develop, practise and adapt your strategies to your opponent in order to stay one step ahead. Try out these techniques in your own game and see how they can change the course of a match.

What is the difference between regular volleyball and beach volleyball?

The difference between regular volleyball and beach volleyball is a question that goes far beyond sand and parquet flooring. These disciplines developed from the same roots, but evolved in different directions, reflecting the characteristics of the environment, the rhythm of interactions and the specifics of game solutions. The difference is not limited to the number of players or the surface material. Every detail – from the height of the pass to the behaviour of the ball in the air – influences the tactics, physical exertion and psychology of the game.

What is the difference between regular volleyball and beach volleyball: playing field and surface

What is the difference between regular volleyball and beach volleyball in terms of the playing field – especially in terms of size, environment and surface texture? The classic format playing field measures 18 x 9 metres, has a hard surface and zone markings. The game takes place in an enclosed space with uniform lighting and controlled conditions.

Beach volleyball differs from regular volleyball in that it requires less space – 16 x 8 metres, no zone lines and a sand surface. The surface increases resistance, reduces movement speed and requires more endurance. Every jump becomes an effort, every movement an act of stabilisation. In beach volleyball, manoeuvring options are limited, but improvisation is encouraged.

Team composition and roles: different demands on players

The difference between regular volleyball and beach volleyball in terms of team structure is evident in the number of players. In the hall: 6 on the court, plus 6 as substitutes. Each athlete fulfils a specific function: setter, diagonal player, outside hitter, libero, middle blocker.

The differences between beach volleyball and classic volleyball lie in versatility. On the sand, there are two players who each perform the entire cycle: reception, pass, attack, block, defence. The absence of a substitute increases the workload and requires a balance between offensive and defensive qualities. One is not a passer, but both a setter and an executor. The role becomes a convention.

What is the difference in rules between regular volleyball and beach volleyball?

In classic games, the match continues until three out of five games are won. Each game is played to 25 points (with a two-point lead). The fifth is a tie-break to 15. In the beach version – up to two wins in three games, with similar scoring logic, but fewer ties.

The differences also apply to the change of sides. In the hall – after the game. On the sand – every 7 points (or 5 in the decisive game) to compensate for the conditions: wind, sun, slope of the field. The scoring remains balanced, but the rhythm is completely different. In the hall, long rallies are more common, while on the beach there are a greater number of shortened rallies with quick final attacks.

The ball and game physics: weight, pressure, control, flight behaviour

The difference between regular volleyball and beach volleyball in terms of equipment characteristics is one of the most important technical aspects that directly affects playing style, movement mechanics and the way players interact with the ball. The classic ball is designed for a stable flight path indoors. Its weight varies between 260–280 grams, and its diameter is approximately 65–67 cm. The surface is smooth, with minimal seams, dense and elastic. The internal pressure reaches 0.30–0.325 kgf/cm². This design provides high flight speed, predictable bounce and a clear response to powerful hits. It penetrates the air more easily, withstands aggressive techniques better and accelerates the pace of the game.

A water polo ball, on the other hand, is designed for outdoor use and can be adapted to wind, sun and the unpredictability of landing in sand. It has a larger diameter (up to 68 cm), a lower weight (approx. 260 grams) and a softer shell structure. The internal pressure is 0.175–0.225 kgf/cm². This configuration reduces contact stiffness, making the ball less ‘sharp’ in flight but more sensitive to wind direction. This forces players to be more subtle and controlled rather than forceful.

The flight of the water polo ball becomes slower and more arched, requiring a different throwing and attacking geometry. A long throw is not an advantage – too strong a hit can cause the ball to go out of bounds easily. The decrease in density requires increased concentration when receiving. When jumping on sand, you cannot reach the same height, which means that the attack is often executed from a central point without additional space to swing.

Game and technique: techniques, serves, attacks, movement variability

What is the difference between normal volleyball and beach volleyball in terms of playing technique – in the variety of combinations, the involvement of the team in the rally phases and the type of attack decisions. In the hall, the equipment is distributed according to roles. The players are specialised: the libero in receiving, the setter in passing, the attacker in finishing. Defensive actions are performed by two or three players at the same time. The attack is prepared in two or three touches, often starting with a power serve, continuing with a reception, a pass and ending with an attack from the front or back line. The net height (2.43 m for men and 2.24 m for women) allows for complex combinations with ‘feints’, shots towards the blocker and feints by deceiving body movements. A wide variety of serves are used, from power serves to so-called ‘gliders’, which move unpredictably.

Beach volleyball differs from normal volleyball in that every athlete must perform all technical actions. The reception is the responsibility of both players. The serve is often strategic and aims at a weak point rather than being powerful. Shots are not executed to exert power, but to give instructions. The jump is performed with a smaller amplitude, taking into account the resistance of the sand. The turning speed on sand is reduced, which means that the attacker has less time to change their mind during the flight.

An attack hit in classic volleyball is usually straight, powerful and through a double or triple block. In the beach version, it is deceptive, shortened, performed in slow motion, in open areas. The discount is the most important tool for carrying out the attack. Often, the ball is not directed downwards, but in an arc to the corners or to the edge of the zone. These technical differences give the game a different visual appearance.

Tactics and movement: defence, team structure, substitutions and rotation

The difference between regular volleyball and beach volleyball in terms of tactical organisation lies not in the number of patterns, but in the nature of strategy development. In the classic version, there is a rotation. After each change of the serving team, the players move clockwise and change their positions. Rotation creates a balance between the zones, allowing players to switch between offensive and defensive roles. Positions are clearly defined and areas of responsibility are strictly defined. The coaching staff has the option of making up to six substitutions per set, using temporary substitutions as replacement players and making ‘tactical changes’ to strengthen the defence or attack.

There is no rotation in beach volleyball. Each athlete remains in their position throughout the game. One is responsible for the area closer to the net, the second for the depth of the court. Substitutions are not allowed. Fatigue sets in, decisions are made at lightning speed, and the coverage area is 64 m² for two players. In this case, a ‘zone overlap system’ is used: one blocks, the second insures. If coordination is lost, the mistake leads to a point loss with no possibility of insurance.

Tactical thinking on the sand is less formal, but requires a higher level of concentration and the ability to adapt instantly. This makes playing on the beach more individual and unpredictable.

One essence – different forms

The difference between regular volleyball and beach volleyball lies in the details, not the idea. Both formats are based on precision, rhythm, partnership and quick decision-making. The differences determine the form, conditions and load, but the essence of the game remains the same – the balance between attack and defence. Indoor volleyball requires strategy and combinations, while on the sand intuition and reaction are required. In each variant, the player develops a unique style that reflects the environment, physics and tactics.

June 12, 2025

The benefits of beach volleyball: reasons why you should start playing now

Active recreation is no longer limited to jogging in the park or working out at the gym. The modern pace of life demands variety, and sun and sand offer ideal conditions for functional training without boredom or routine. The benefits of beach volleyball are well established – the positive effects are noticeable after just a few games. Contact with nature, the use of all muscles, active communication and the change of emotional background make this sport a universal tool.

Physical improvement: the benefits of beach volleyball

Moving on uneven ground creates unique conditions. The sand requires more strength with every step, which increases the strain on the calf muscles, thighs, buttocks and feet. As a result, the benefits of beach volleyball for the body are evident after just a few games.

Muscles, joints and ligaments

Jumps, lunges, sudden changes of direction and standing work activate all the important muscle groups. The sandy ground cushions impacts, reduces the risk of injury and at the same time forces the stabilising muscles to work. The joints are trained without overload, and the ligaments are strengthened by micro-movements that do not occur on hard surfaces.

Coordination and reaction

Constantly switching between receiving, passing and attacking promotes spatial awareness, balance and reaction speed. Every situation requires an immediate decision – attack, defend, change position. Such conditions are ideal for training neuromuscular connections, which has a direct effect on overall coordination.

Energy and calorie burning: training without boredom

Beach volleyball combines playful elements with intense cardiovascular exercise. Playing on sand requires the active participation of all muscle groups, rapid movements, repeated jumps, quick movements and lightning-fast reactions. The dynamic transitions between receiving, passing, blocking and attacking leave no room for recovery. This is precisely why beach volleyball surpasses most standard workouts in terms of energy consumption.

With a game duration of 45 to 60 minutes, the intensity remains at 70 to 85% of the maximum heart rate. During this time, the athlete consumes between 500 and 800 kilocalories, with both fast and slow muscle fibres being used. The main difference to indoor training is the complete absence of monotony: every move brings new challenges, and the pace is constantly changing.

On uneven ground, the body activates the deep stabilisers and compensatory muscles. This creates a ‘double effect’ – with the same technique, the movement requires more effort. The result is increased energy consumption and improved muscle tone without the risk of overload.

Endurance and exertion: acceleration of the body’s rhythm

The special feature of this format is its interval structure. Each play is accompanied by a peak performance followed by a short breather. This pattern puts strain on the heart, lungs and cardiovascular system in a safe but productive way. The benefits of beach volleyball in this regard are evident in improved oxygen exchange and increased respiratory endurance.

Quick starts, repeated jumps and battles at the net promote the development of anaerobic endurance. At the same time, resistance to fatigue is built up as the body has to switch quickly between periods of exertion and recovery.

An average game includes more than 200 active episodes, each of which requires the involvement of all systems: the nervous system, the respiratory system and the muscular system. With systematic training, a reduction in resting heart rate, an increase in lung volume and resistance to pressure fluctuations are observed.

Combustion and regeneration: fat as an energy source

The beach volleyball format activates fat burning after just 15 minutes of play. The body uses its internal resources and maintains a high energy turnover. After the training session is over, the EPOC effect (excess post-exercise oxygen consumption) remains, during which the body continues to actively burn calories.

This process lasts 24 to 36 hours after the end of the game. During this time, the body balances energy consumption, restores glycogen stores and strengthens the metabolism. This property makes beach volleyball an effective tool for those who want to control their body weight or reduce their body fat percentage.

Sand as a surface requires a greater range of motion – the legs work harder and the upper body stabilises more than when training on solid ground. This leads to additional energy consumption for the same movements, which significantly increases the overall fat burning values.

Compared to classic cardio exercises such as running or cycling, beach volleyball uses more muscle groups and provides emotional motivation, allowing you to keep going longer without it becoming monotonous.

Emotions, team spirit and stress relief: the benefits of beach volleyball

The game format requires commitment and communication, making it not only a workout but also providing complete emotional balance. The benefits of beach volleyball go far beyond physical fitness.

Mood and stress relief

Players constantly interact with each other, support each other, discuss tactics and react to every game event. Contact with nature, fresh air and sunshine stimulate the production of serotonin and endorphins. After the first set, tension eases and anger and restlessness give way to enthusiasm and smiles.

Team and communication

The 2-on-2 format requires coordination and trust. Players quickly establish communication, making volleyball a tool for building team chemistry and developing leadership and adaptability skills. Joint actions create a sense of belonging and commitment.

Sun, sand, exercise – the formula for balance

The modern approach to sport requires both efficiency and enjoyment. The benefits of beach volleyball are evident not only in improved physical fitness, but also in strengthened emotional stability, the promotion of social activities and increased overall vitality.

The format is ideal for the summer season. Comfortable conditions, accessibility, and independence from equipment or halls make beach volleyball a universal solution for training, communication, and emotional relaxation.

June 6, 2025